DSE Chem revision
Topic 4. Acids and Bases
A. Introduction to acids and alkalis
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common acids and alkalis in daily life and in the laboratory
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characteristics and chemical reactions of acids as illustrated by dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid
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acidic properties and hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) role of water in exhibiting properties of acid
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basicity of acid
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characteristics and chemical reactions of alkalis as illustrated by sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia
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alkaline properties and hydroxide ions (OH-(aq))
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corrosive nature of concentrated acids and concentrated alkalis
B. Indicators and pH
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acid-base indicators as exemplified by litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthalein
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pH scale as a measure of acidity and alkalinity
pH = - log[H+(aq)] -
use of universal indicator and an appropriate instrument to measure the pH of solutions
C. Strength of acids and alkalis
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meaning of strong and weak acids as well as strong and weak alkalis in terms of their extent of dissociation in aqueous solutions
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methods to compare the strength of acids/alkalis
D. Salts and neutralisation
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bases as chemical opposites of acids
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neutralisation as the reaction between acid and base/alkali to form water and salt only
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exothermic nature of neutralisation
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preparation of soluble and insoluble salts
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naming of common salts
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applications of neutralisation
E. Concentration of solutions
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concentration of solutions in mol dm-3 (molarity)
F. Volumetric analysis involving acids and alkalis
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standard solutions
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acid-alkali titrations
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